Childhood and Education in Early 18th Century England, Rosemary Morris

CLICK TO ORDER ROSEMARY MORRIS BOOKS FROM BOOKS WE LOVE

I have written three romance novels set in the reign of Queen Anne Stuart, 1702-1714.  Tangled Love, Far Beyond Rubies and The Captain and The Countess

Before I began the first chapter of The Captain and The Countess, I became interested in how children were raised and educated in the early 18^th century. My research, included a worthwhile visit to The Foundling Museum at 40, Brunswick Square, London.

Childhood and Education. Boys

                                                       in early 18^th century England.

When Queen Anne Stuart, niece of Charles II, ruled from 1702 to 1714 attitudes towards children and their education were very different to those in the 21^st century.

Only one of Queen Anne’s seventeen children, The Duke of Gloucester, lived for long. His wet-nurse, who breast fed him, probably saved his life, for the fashion was to feed babies with pap. This food was preferred by mothers too afraid of losing their figures to suckle their infants.

The unfortunate little duke suffered from water on the brain. He found it difficult to walk and go up and down stairs without help. To cure him, the queen and his father, Prince George of Denmark, shut themselves in a room with him. George thrashed him so cruelly with a birch rod that from then on the child managed to ascend and descend stairs unaided.

Fussed over by ladies at court, and with boisterous children to play with, he drilled his company of boy soldiers. He reviewed them on his eleventh birthday, after which he became ill with scarlet fever that caused his death.

Few details are known about the lives of poor, illiterate children, who probably followed in their parents’ footsteps if they did not take advantage of charity schools. Boys whose families could afford the fees became apprentices and learned a trade, but not all of them were well-treated. Neither were the homeless waifs on the streets who begged for food and money.

The Duke of Gloucester was beaten, but what were children’s lives in well-to-do families like?

As it has been remarked, ‘they did things differently in those days’. New-born babies’ heads were bound, they were swaddled and given an elixir, that in the days when people were ignorant about hygiene might have added to infant mortality.

Relatives and friends came every day to admire the infant. Henri Misson, an entertaining French traveller, whose book was published in 1719, observed that babies were baptised soon after birth. After the ceremony, wine and a special cake, only made for christenings, was served. Papers of sweetmeats were given to the parson, for his wife and children, and to the female visitors before they left.

In an age of impure water, poor sanitation, smallpox and other diseases, infants were vulnerable. Nurses dosed fretful infants with ‘DUFFY’S FAMOUS ELIXIR SALUTIS’. It was advertised as ‘The Finest Exposed to Sale Prepared from the Best Drugges’, and available from the Hand and Pen in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, and many other places in town and country.

Dr John Pechy studied infants’ and children’s diseases. His cough mixture included horehound, liquorice, hyssop and other ingredients including powdered woodlice. There were medicines for worms and rickets. Teething was supposedly soothed with black cherry water mixed with three or four drops of Spirits of Hartshorn.

Desperate parents must have believed a necklace, which could be hired from Mr Larance’s in Somerset House near Northumberland House in the Strand, could cure fits in children caused by teeth or any other cause.

Probably, children in well-to-do families were brought up in the nursery, and by their mothers, until they were old enough to go to school.

Coral rattles with bells amused infants. Little is known about boys’ toys but they had cardboard windmills attached to sticks, and, possibly rocking horses.

Children had their own books such as ‘A Play Book for Children’ to interest them as soon as they could speak clearly. The pages were small but easy to read. The book cost four pence and must have been popular because the second edition was published in 1703.

Children learned the alphabet, both the lower and upper cases and the Lord’s Prayer from hornbooks, which consisted of a small sheet of paper, 4 inches by three inches laid on a flat piece of board with a handle. This was covered by a thin plate of horn fastened to the board.

Young boys didn’t sit exams and learn foreign languages. The advice given to The Mother in Steele’s Lady’s Library, if carried out should have ensured their children would grow up to be good men and women.

Boys enjoyed stories such as ‘Jack and the Giants’ etc., Aesop’s fables, Guy of Warwick and St George of England.

For older boys, tuition was available, and day schools and boarding schools existed. Young gentlemen learned English, French, Greek, Latin, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography etc. Although French, High Dutch and Italian were taught, it was the Classical Age and every gentleman was expected to be a good classical scholar.

In Queen Anne’s reign there were many free schools and charity schools. In 1713 at a public thanksgiving for peace, after the French were defeated in The War of Spanish Succession, the charity children sat in tiered seats from which they could see the queen go to St Paul’s Cathedral.

When I wrote The Captain and The Countess I drew on my research, and enjoyed writing about my imaginary Foundling Home based on fact.

* * *

https;//www.amazon.co.uk/The-Captain-And-The-Countess/ebook/dp/B01FCENLKE                                                                                   

https;//www.amazon.com/The-Captain-And-The-Countess /ebook/dp/B01FCENLKE

Early 18^th century novels by Rosemary Morris

Tangled Love,

Far Beyond Rubies 

Regency novels

False Pretences

Sunday’s Child   Heroines born on different days of the week. Book 1.

Monday’s Child Heroines born on different days of the week. Book 2

Tuesday’s Child Heroines born on different days of the week Book 3

www.rosemarymorris.co.uk