Wednesday, January 26, 2022

Man’s endless search for wealth—Tricia McGill

Find all my books on my Author page at Books We Love

My current work in progress is set in the town of Ballarat, north of Melbourne, around 1860. My main

characters are not miners, but store owners, lodging house owners and traders—just as essential in a miner’s day to day life, for he spent endless hours in the search for riches. The gold rush to Ballarat began around 1851, and the greatest yield for one year was in 1856, when almost 95,000 kilograms of gold was extracted from the diggings. Until researching I had no idea how many methods were used in the search for gold. Most gold in the Ballarat district came from deep lead mining.

Some of the methods used: 

Deep Lead Mining—Sometimes, gold deposited in creek beds was covered by lava from nearby volcanoes. This lava hardened into basalt and deep lead mining involved digging through these layers of basalt to reach the gold buried in old creek beds. 

Surface Alluvial Mining—Over time, weathering breaks quartz rocks down into sand and gravel, freeing any trapped gold. This gold, which is called alluvial gold, remains close to the surface where it may be washed down and deposited in nearby streams. As gold is six times heavier than most gravel and stones, it rapidly sinks to the bottom of any stream. 

Reef (Quartz) Mining—This involved digging to find the gold bearing quartz reefs, which had been formed long ago in the cracks and crevices caused by earth movements. The methods of alluvial and deep lead mining created the gold rushes. Any man in good health could take his chance at finding a fortune. All he needed was a pick, a shovel, a gold panning dish, a tent, some bedding and a few cooking utensils. This method relied upon the fact that gold was heavier than the sand, gravel and clay and so sank to the bottom of the creeks. A miner would separate the gold from the wash dirt using a pan, cradle or sluice box. In the early days, before creeks were “panned out”, the miners would simply proceed up a creek, washing shovelfuls of clay and gravel taken directly from the banks or bed of the creek. Although this gravel contained some gold, the really rich washdirt was to be found in the old creek beds that had been covered by basalt from volcanoes. To reach these, the miners often had to sink shafts through the overburden using a windlass, or in the case of deeper mines, a whim or a horse-drawn whip. Cradling panning was slow, back-breaking work, so the next development was the cradle. The cradle consisted of a box, fitted on rockers, so that the operator rocked it to and fro. Inside the cradle were two sloping shelves with thin strips of wood fastened across them. These were called riffles. On the top of the box part of the cradle was a sieve made of metal plate with holes punched in it. The gold-bearing gravel passing through the sieve was washed down through the shelves and any gold present was caught in the riffles, while the gravel was carried through a chute back into the creek.

The windlass—these were used in shallow shafts to lift dirt to the surface. They required very little skill

to build, were made from simple materials and could be easily moved. In the beginning, the windlass frame would be flat on the ground. Waste material brought up to the surface in the bucket, would be tipped in a pile around the shaft. As the pile grew higher around the shaft the windlass moved upwards. Thus, the windlass was soon on a hill created by mining. The windlass was only effective to a depth of approximately 40 metres. Successful miners who had sunk shafts on good, paying washdirt were able to spend some time making their working conditions a little more comfortable by building a shelter over their shaft. This meant that the man operating the windlass, and the miner down in the shaft, filling the buckets for the other to wind up, were not as exposed to the weather.

The Whip—Only a miner, or group of miners who were wealthier than most, could afford to use a whip because of the cost of the horse. Horses were both expensive to buy and feed. A whip meant that a mine could be 80 metres or more in depth. The horse was walked out along a straight walkway. When the bucket reached the surface, the rope was unhooked from the harness, the horse turned around, rope hooked onto the front harness, and the horse walked back down the whip path. For still deeper shafts, the Whim was used. These were expensive. A whim consisted of a large drum with a few turns of cable wound on it. Both ends of the cable were left free to run over pulleys down the shaft. A bucket (kibble) was attached to each end of the cable. As the horse walked around, the drum revolved and one bucket would be lowered down the shaft as the other was raised.

 The Chinese men who came to the district played a large part in the mining industry. Around 1860 their population was well over 7,000. These young Chinese who came to Ballarat were sponsored by a businessman from their village back home. When successful, the gold was sent back to this sponsor. The Victorian Government soon realised that so many Chinese were having success at mining, it was decided to set a levy of ten pounds for every Chinese miner. These incomers had purchased their travel ticket for ten pounds. They came ashore in South Australia and then had to walk to Ballarat. By the 1860s there were three Chinese villages in Ballarat, each with a main street named Canton Street, where their shops, businesses, and gambling houses could be found.



Coming in February 2022





Tuesday, January 25, 2022

Family History

 


https://bookswelove.net/martin-paula/

I first became interested in my family history when I was in my twenties and asked my grandfather and my grandmother’s brother to write down what they knew about their families. In those days, before computers and the internet, the only way to find out more was to visit Somerset House in London, which held all the birth, marriage and death records since 1837, or to visit local churches to look at original parish records and gravestones. With a young family and a full time job, that was impossible for me, so the family tree information was put in a file and almost forgotten.

Fast forward about thirty years, and a friend who was researching her family history told me about a couple of resources available on the internet. When I got home, I found my family tree file, searched for one of my great-grandfathers in the parish records which were online, and found him, along with several of his siblings. After that, I was hooked, and have spent many hours finding out more about my family, which has been a fascinating voyage of discovery. With some lines, I have been able to get back to the 17th century; with others, I have hit ‘brick walls’ in the early 19th century.

When I first started researching (in the late 1990s), online resources were fairly limited, but since then millions of genealogy records have been digitised. The information from my grandfather and great-uncle Joe proved to be an invaluable start, as it gave me the names of their siblings and parents, and also some details about their grandparents.


One of these always fascinated me – Uncle Joe’s grandfather i.e. my great-great-grandfather John, who was born in Liverpool in 1815 and became a mariner. This is the only photo (unfortunately damaged) I have of him, taken in the 1860's when he was in his fifties.

I obtained copies of his Mate’s and Master’s Certificates from a cousin which showed that he was first employed as a seaman in 1830 when he was fifteen. Uncle Joe said his grandfather John ‘sailed the world’ before joining the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company in 1838, which I was able to confirm. About six years later, John was promoted to captain of the paddle-steamer Ben-My-Chree and in the 1850s commanded other boats owned by the company, which transported cargo, mail, and passengers from Liverpool across the Irish Sea to Douglas in the Isle of Man.

Paddle Steamer Ben-my-Chree

I visited the Isle of Man about fifteen year ago and spent a rewarding day at the Heritage Centre in the town of Douglas, trawling through microfilms of the minutes of the Steam Packet Company and making notes of every entry that mentioned John. I also took dozens of photos of the inner harbour where the boats used to moor in John’s time, and visited the graveyard where three of his infant children were buried.

A few years ago, I discovered that the archives of Isle of Man newspapers had been digitised and indexed. £6 for 24-hour access – I stayed up very late that night! My reward was dozens of articles about John, many of them praising his excellent seamanship during stormy weather or with mechanical problems on his ships. I began to feel quite proud of my g-g-grandfather.

In 2019, having written several novels based in Ireland, I decided I need a change of direction. But in what direction should I go? One evening, after doing some more family research on Ancestry about John’s parents, I started to wonder about a family saga, covering three generations – John and his wife Betsy, their daughter Lizzie, and their granddaughter Beth. After a couple of false starts, I realised one novel covering all these would be far too long. It was as if John was telling me, ‘Write our story first.’ So I did, and gave my imagination free rein to bring John and his wife to life, along with other members of their families, in a story of secrets, jealousy, tragedy, and of course love and loyalty.

The result is my novel, ‘A Family’s Secrets’, the first of my ‘Follow Your Heart’ series, which will be published by BWL on February 1st. I hope you will enjoy it!



Monday, January 24, 2022

New Years Resolutions and My Writing by Joan Donaldson-Yarmey

 



 

 

http://bwlpublishing.ca/authors/donaldson-yarmey-joan/

 

Almost everyone makes New Year’s Resolutions and we writers are no different. Resolutions could be described as promise made by a person to change themselves or something in their lives for the better. It could be volunteering at a charity, spending more time in nature, or cutting down on stress. This change begins on New Year’s Day and is supposed to last for the year.

While making a New Year's Pledge is a custom observed mainly in the Western Hemisphere, it is becoming more popular in the Eastern Hemisphere.

The top ten resolutions are said to be: spend more time with loved ones; get in shape through exercise; lose weight; travel more; quit smoking; stop drinking; enjoy life more; read more; pay off bills; learn something new.

I don't smoke and seldom drink, so I can take those off my list but this is how the rest of those resolutions relate to my writing.

      Spending more time with loved ones:

Writing is a solitary undertaking. I sit in a room alone with my computer (some writers use pen and paper.) I don’t like to be disturbed because that disturbance usually comes when I am right in the middle of a scene and I want to get it all down the way I am visualizing it. In order to spend more time with loved ones, I have tried to set up a schedule of writing in the morning and having the afternoon and evening free. Sometimes that works and sometimes it doesn't. If my writing is going slow then it may encroach into the afternoon in order to get my time in. But when there are family events, my writing takes a back burner. Memories of spending time with kids, grandkids and now great-grandkids are so much better then memories of staring at a computer. I read an article about one best-selling writer. Her son asked her if she would go to his baseball game. She said she couldn’t because she had to work on her next great book. I understand a deadline but I thought that was a lost opportunity on her part.

        Getting in shape through exercise.

I spend my writing time sitting in a chair. If the story line is going well, I want to keep at it to the detriment of other activities, so I schedule my exercising as soon as I get up in the morning. I am able to do that because I have a set of weights at home that I use so I don't have to go to a gym and I walk in the afternoons and evenings.

        Losing weight.

Hunger distracts me when I am writing. I find that I write better if I have a full stomach, usually full of chocolates, but anything works. To offset that I try to stop eating after 6pm and go for a walk after supper.

       Enjoy life more and travel more.

For me, these two go hand in hand. I love travelling whether its by motorhome, flying, bus tour, or ship all of which I have done. Its great to see new places and learn the history and customs of different countries. Also, sometimes I've managed to do some writing while on holidays (mainly in motorhome) so its a win/win situation for me. But since I enjoy writing my books and planning more stories, I guess I am enjoying life even when I am sitting alone in my office.

       Pay off bills.

A small percentage of writers actually have best-sellers and make lots of money. Most are happy to have a small income to help pay off their bills because they write because they love to write. That's me. I have an idea and want to write the story around it and I'm lucky that I have a publisher for my novels.

Learning something new.

Most beginner writers take writing courses to learn their craft. For others writing comes naturally. Many writers take a course in something they are writing about so the reader feels that the writer knows what they are putting in their books. When I write my historical novels I do a lot of research—reading books, visiting the places I am including in the book, and checking sites on the Internet. I have learned so much about Canadian history that I didn’t know before. I like to live by the saying: keep learning because it doesn’t cost anything to store the information.

So how do my New Year’s pledge(s) relate to those resolutions? I am going to continue doing my exercises in the morning before I begin writing so that I stay in shape. In spite of liking to write with a full stomach I work at maintaining my normal weight and will make sure that I continue to do so. Luckily at this time in my life, I don’t have any large debts and can write because I love to. I am not going to take up smoking nor will I drink more. But I think the most important one is I am going to continue enjoying life by doing more travelling and by writing more but also by spending more time with family and friends.


 

Sunday, January 23, 2022

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