In a way, it
had to happen.
As with most
things that enter Western popular culture, yoga has entered the domain of the
dumbed-down. The two latest trends in yoga practice in America are things
called beer-yoga and goat-yoga, which involve asana (yoga postures) while gulping pints of beer or playing with
furry farm animals. Poor Patanajli must be rolling in his samadhi!
Part of this
trend has to do with the way yoga spread in America: through privately owned
yoga studios, who keep searching for new trends to keep their clientele coming.
Competition between studios, which seem to have sprung up on almost every
street corner, pushes owners to keep expanding their repertoire of services;
whether in combining yoga with Pilates (fairly common,) or with Zumba
(Brazilian dance) and in many other ways.
Representation of Patanjali, the compiler of the Yoga-sutras |
As a way of
popularizing yoga, these privately owned studios, often started by brave souls
(mostly women) who, in the early days, travelled to India, or studied, at great
cost, under well-known masters, were very successful. Playing by the rules of
the market, they struggled to find what the public wanted, and by
trial-and-error, became successful. Successful business models were built, and
the industry flourished.
But the
downside of market-based yoga teaching is that it precludes really deep study
of the tradition. In my observation, most studios offer classes in hatha yoga,
hot yoga, yin-yang or Iyengar. But beyond this, not much else is taught. After
all, if the rent has to be paid, the emphasis is going to be on what sells.
Traditionally,
yoga is seen as a spiritual discipline, with the ultimate goal being spiritual
realization. Yoga was originally practiced in the forests of India, and
knowledge was passed, in the teacher’s ashram, from elder to student. The
learning would take many, many years.
Ashtanga
yoga, or raja-yoga as it is called in the Bhagavad-Gita, is what most in the
west understand as yoga, and asana, one part of it, is what is mostly taught in
yoga studios. But ashtanga (eight-limbed) yoga, is much more. The eight-limbs
include a moral code, contained in the Yamas and Niyamas, Asana (postures),
Pranyama (breath control), Pratyahara (sensory transcendence), Dharana
(Concentration) Dhyana (Meditation) and finally, the goal of yoga, Samadhi
(connection with the Divine.) The Bhagavad-Gita also mentions other yoga
systems, such as Bhakti-yoga, a theistic version of yoga based on devotion to
the Divine. As can be seen, yoga is a much deeper topic than is mostly
understood. Yoga based solely on the body, and not connected to the spirit, is
limited.
The yoga
market, in America anyways, seems to have reached its saturation. It seems
obvious that many studios will disappear. As a yoga practitioner, I hope that those
left behind, and the students they attract, will dive deeper into the subject
and discover its true essence.
Mohan Ashtakala is the author of "The Yoga Zapper - A Novel" published by Books We Love.